Tomb of Rabia ud Daurani is called the secomg Taj Mahal. The Bibi Ka Maqbara in Aurangabad, Maharashtra, is popularly called the “Second Taj Mahal” or “Taj of the Deccan” due to its striking resemblance to the Taj Mahal. It was built by Prince Azam Shah, the son of Aurangzeb, between 1651 and 1661 (or 1668) in memory of his mother, Dilras Banu Begum (Rabia ud Daurani).

Rauza-i-Munawwara, meaning “Illuminated Tomb” or “Illustrious Tomb,” is the original name used in contemporary 17th-century Mughal documents, such as the Padshahnama, to refer to the Taj Mahal. It was built in Agra, India, by Emperor Shah Jahan as the monumental tomb for his wife Mumtaz Mahal, known in Persian tradition as a charbagh layout

Samachar Chandrika, a weekly magazine, was initially published on 5 March 1822, under the editorship of the prominent writer Bhabanicharan Bandyopadhyay. This magazine was established in opposition to Raja Rammohan Roy’s efforts to eradicate the practice of sati-immolation.

https://amritmahotsav.nic.in/district-reopsitory-detail.htm?24882

The relentless efforts of a Parsi reformer, B.M. Malabari, were rewarded by the enactment of the Age of Consent Act (1891) which forbade the marriage of girls below the age of 12.

Sir Surendranath Banerjee was one of the earliest Indian political leaders during the British Raj. He founded the Indian National Association, one of the earliest Indian political organisations, and later became a senior leader of the Indian National Congress. Surendranath Banerji cleared the competitive examination in 1869, but was barred owing to a dispute over his exact age. After clearing the matter in the courts, Banerjee cleared the exam again in 1871 and was posted as assistant magistrate in Sylhet. However, in 1874 he was dismissed for a minor and apparently inadvertent procedural error. His efforts at reinstatement failed, and as a dismissed civil servant he was also refused admission to the bar. Banerjee felt he had been discriminated against because he was Indian.

He was the second Indian to qualify the Indian Civil Service examinations. Satyendranath Tagore in 1863 became the first Indian to qualify the ICS.

The Madras Mahajana Sabha, a regional political organization and the forerunner of the Indian National Congress, was founded in May 1884 at Ellis Road Junction, Mount Road in Madras district (present-day Chennai) by M Veeraraghavachariar, G Subramania Iyer, and P Ananda Charlu. The aim was to liberate the nation from British rule and resolve national issues, as stated at the Adayar Theosophical Society conference.

The first Muslim President of the Indian National Congress was Badruddin Tyabji. He served as the third President of the Indian National Congress in 1887 Madras session.

Rahimtullah M Sayani was the second Muslim to serve as president after Badruddin Tyabji. He was president in 1896 Calcutta Session.

Having had for its first three Presidents a Hindu, a Parsi and a Muslim respectively, the fourth Congress which met in Allahabad, turned for the first time, to a non – Indian for its Presidential chair. George Yule (17 April 1829 – 26 March 1892) was a Scottish merchant in England and India who served as the fourth President of the Indian National Congress in 1888 at Allahabad, the first non-Indian to hold that office.

William Wedderburn was the second European to be elected as President of Indian National Congress in 1889. He served as President of the Indian National Congress twice in 1889 (Bombay session) and 1910 (Allahabad session).

Nellie Sengupta (née Edith Ellen Gray) was an Englishwoman who fought for Indian Independence, after she relocated to India post her marriage to Jatindra Mohan Sengupta. She was elected president of the Indian National Congress at its 48th annual session at Calcutta in 1933. She became the third woman to be elected to the post.

https://amritmahotsav.nic.in/unsung-heroes-detail.htm?65

Lala Lajpat Rai said in his book Young India (1916) – “The congress movement was neither inspired by the people nor devised or planned by them. It was a movement not from within. No section of the Indian people identified themselves with it so completely as to feel that their existence as honourable men depended on its successful management. The movement was started by an Englishman, at the suggestion of an English pro-consul. The Indians, who professed to lead it, were either actually in government service or in professions allied to government service and created by the Government….. We do not question either their motives or their patriotism, but it was not sufficiently intense to induce them to stake their all on it.”

On July 3rd, 1908, Bal Gangadhar Tilak was arrested by the British under the charge of sedition. Tilak was sentenced to jail for a period of six years i.e from 1908 to 1914 in Mandalay in Burma.

Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh was founded in 1925 by Keshav Baliram Hedgewar in Nagpur, British India.

Hindustan Republican Association was a revolutionary organization formed in 1924. It was formed by Ram Prasad Bismil and Sachindra Nath Sanyal.

The Hindustan Socialist Republican Association was established in 1928. Revolutionaries like Chandrashekhar Azad, Bhagat Singh, Rajguru and Sukhdev were present at the meeting, held at the Feroz Shah Kotla ground in Delhi, during the establishment of the organisation.

The Communist Party of India (CPI) is the oldest communist party in India. The CPI was founded in modern-day Kanpur on 26 December 1925.

In the year 1921, Bismil Azimabadi of Patna wrote the Patriotic poem “Sarfaroshi ki tamanna ab hamare dil mein hai”. But the slogan was first used by Ramprasad Bismil (one of founding member of Hindustan Republic Association).

Bhagat Singh along with Batukeshwar Dutta threw a bomb while shouting ‘Inquilab Zindabad’ in the Central Legislative Assembly on 8 April 1929 against the passage of the Public Safety Bill and the Trade Disputes Bill which would reduce the civil liberties of citizens.

The United Indian Patriotic Association was a political organisation founded in 1888 by Sir Syed Ahmad Khan (the founder of the Aligarh Muslim University) and Raja Shiv Prasad Singh of Benaras.

In 1912–1913, the Pacific Coast Hindustan Association was formed by Indian immigrants under the leadership of Har Dayal, with Sohan Singh Bhakna as its president, which later came to be called the Ghadar Party.

On 1 December 1915 Pratap established the first Provisional Government of India at Kabul in Afghanistan as a government-in-exile of Free Hindustan, with himself as President, Maulavi Barkatullah as Prime Minister, and Maulana Ubaidullah Sindhi as Home Minister, declaring jihad on the British.

https://amritmahotsav.nic.in/unsung-heroes-detail.htm?318

The Subsidiary Alliance System was used by Lord Wellesley (Governor General of India) to bring the Indian states within the boundary of the British political power. Under this doctrine , The Nizam of Hyderabad , the feeblest of all rulers was the first Indian ruler to accept the Subsidiary Alliance in 1798 A.D and came under the British Protection.

The Indian troops remained unchallenged until Colonel Gillespie, stationed at Arcot, 25 kilometres away, arrived at 9 a.m. with a squadron of the 19th Dragoons and the 7th Madras Cavalry.

https://frontline.thehindu.com/the-nation/spark-from-vellore-1806-fort-mutiny-1857-revolt/article35257752.ece

In 1877, Benjamin Disraeli, Conservative Prime Minister, had Queen Victoria proclaimed as Empress of India. India was already under crown control after 1858, but this title was a gesture to link the monarchy with the empire further and bind India more closely to Britain.

The first modern census was conducted between 1865 and 1872 in different parts of the country in a nonsynchronous way. The efforts culminated in 1872 and hence the year is dubbed as the year of the first population census in India.

First Non-synchronous Census: It was conducted in India in 1872 during the reign of Governor-General Lord Mayo.

First Synchronous Census: The first synchronous census was taken under British rule on February 17, 1881, by W.C. Plowden (Census Commissioner of India).

The twelfth session of Bihar provincial conference was held at Bhagalpur. It was held from 18-29 August 1920. Dr. Rajendra Prasad presided over the twelfth Bihar provincial conference held from 18–29 August 1920.

On 30 April 1908, revolutionaries Khudiram Bose and Prafulla Chaki carried out a bomb attack on a carriage in Muzaffarpur, Bihar, aiming to assassinate Douglas Kingsford, a widely unpopular British magistrate.

Baikuntha Shukla, a prominent revolutionary of the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA), killed Phanindra Nath Ghosh on November 9, 1932. He was assisted by Chandrama Singh in this act of retribution for Ghosh’s betrayal of Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev, and Rajguru.

Phanindra Nath Ghosh was a former member of the HSRA who turned into a government approver. His testimony led to the execution of Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev, and Rajguru in the Lahore Conspiracy Case. Shukla, with Chandrama Singh, killed Ghosh at his shop in Bettiah, Bihar, on November 9, 1932. Baikuntha Shukla was arrested for the killing, convicted, and hanged on May 14, 1934, in Gaya Central Jail.

The UN General Assembly has declared 2025 the International Year of Cooperatives (IYC 2025) under the theme “Cooperatives Build a Better World”.

Established in 1875, the India Meteorological Department (IMD) is completing 150 years of service on 15th January 2025.

The India Meteorological Department (IMD), under the Ministry of Earth Sciences, marks a significant milestone as it celebrates 150 years of dedicated service to the nation. Established in 1875, IMD has been at the forefront of providing critical weather and climate services, playing a vital role in disaster management, agriculture, aviation, and public safety.

Chhattisgarh became the first state in India to link its forest ecosystem with Green GDP. Chhattisgarh has introduced a plan linking forest ecosystem services to Green GDP, highlighting environmental contributions like clean air, water conservation, and biodiversity.

The length of India’s coastline of 7516.6 km has been re-assessed to 11098.81 km by National Hydrographic Office (NHO) in coordination with Survey of India (SoI) as per the latest terms of references provided by National Security Council Secretariat (NSCS).

Accordingly, the state wise length of the coastline of India has changed and the details have been given in the table below.

The Sukanya Samriddhi Yojana was launched on 22 January 2015 under the Government’s Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao campaign.

The guardian can open the account immediately after the birth of the girl child till she attains the age of 10 years.

This scheme allows parents to open a Sukanya Samriddhi account for girls at any post office or designated commercial bank branch, starting with a minimum initial deposit of ₹250, and subsequent deposits can be made in multiples of ₹50, provided that at least ₹250 is deposited in a financial year. The total annual deposit limit is capped at ₹1,50,000; any excess amount will not earn interest and will be returned. Deposits can be made for a period of up to fifteen years from the account opening date.

The account is managed by the guardian until the girl child reaches the age of eighteen.

The account matures upon the completion of twenty-one years of the account holder from its opening date.

An account holder can apply for a withdrawal of up to fifty percent of the balance at the end of the preceding financial year, specifically for educational purposes. This withdrawal is permissible only after the account holder turns eighteen or completes the tenth standard, whichever comes first.

https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2094807&reg=3&lang=2

Given Number = 342
Remainder = 47

so, required number = 342 + 47 = 389

When the number 389 is divided by 19, the remainder is 9.

Identifying the pattern:

5 x 2 + 3 = 13
13 x 2 + 3 = 29
29 x 2 + 3 = 61
61 x 2 + 3 = 125
125 x 2 + 3 = 253